This is the second part of the Final Exam for Mammalian Toxicology, Biology 666. It consists of 10 multiple choice questions each worth 5 points, for a total of 50 points which is half of the final exam grade and 12.5% of the overall grade for the course. These questions are to be answered by you without conferring with others. They should not require reference to your text or other notes. These are being posted to the Prometheus course site at 8:00 AM on Monday, May 12, 2003. Access to this part of the site will be closed at 8:00 AM Tuesday, May 13, 2003. Your answers are due prior to the time access to the site is closed.

Best wishes on the exam. K.L. Campbell

Mark only the best answer for each of the listed questions.

1.	Which of the following agencies is not involved in toxicological monitoring, evaluation of toxicity data, or administration of toxicity regulations?

A.	US Food and Drug Administration

B.	US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

C.	US Department of Transportation

D.	US General Accounting Office

E.	US Environmental Protection Agency

2.	What is the overwhelming concern for food safety in the US?

A.	Aflatoxin B1 and other carcinogen content of food

B.	Minimizing population intake of synthetic food additives

C.	Minimizing individual oral exposures to pesticide residues

D.	Preserving microbiologic integrity of food

E.	Human intake of animal drugs such as DES

3.	Why is the use of biomarkers as indicators of ecological toxicant insult superior to the use of strictly analytical chemistry approaches?

A.	Biomarkers provide a direct measure of toxicant effects in the affected species while chemical analysis does not.

B.	Biomarkers are sensitive to the presence of both parent compounds and their metabolites while chemical analysis is not.

C.	Biomarkers are always more highly specific for quantitation of toxicant chemicals than are chemical methods.

D.	Chemical analytical methods are generally less sensitive to the concentrations of toxicants present in ecological systems than are biomarkers.

E.	Chemical analysis is always more expensive to use for ecological monitoring than are biomarker assessments.

4.	Within the liver acinus where are CYP gene products most highly expressed?

A.	Zone 1

B.	Zone 2

C.	Zone 3

D.	Ito cells

E.	Membranes nearest bile canaliculi

5.	Given that the model of ovarian transplantation to the spleen in rodents leads to ovarian tumor formation, why don't post-menopausal women all develop ovarian tumors?

A.	They do, given enough time.

B.	The tumor process requires estrogens which postmenopausal women don't make.

C.	A lack of follicles eliminates the meiotic cells that constitute the primary site of carcinogenesis in the rodent model.

D.	The human fails to produce enough LH and FSH to make the system react by forming tumors.

E.	Species differences seem to prevent it.

6.	Which modifying group is not employed in Phase II metabolism?

A.	Acetate

B.	Methyl

C.	Taurine

D.	Phosphate

E.	Sulfate

7.	Routine risk assessment involves all of the following except

A.	Determination of the dose response in animals.

B.	Determination of the likely route, level, and duration of probable exposure.

C.	Examination of the variations in response among animal species.

D.	Complete evaluation of fetal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in humans.

E.	Application of adjustments of level of risk based on empiric assumptions.

8.	Major considerations in evaluating toxicity and toxic risk for a given chemical include all of the following except

A.	Nutritional status of subjects and the oil-water partition coefficient of the chemical.

B.	Chemical structure of the chemical and cost of chemical production.

C.	Species of dosed subjects and duration of exposure.

D.	Chemical formulation and route of exposure.

E.	Age at subject exposure and route of excretion.

9.	The process of establishing a metastatic cancer involves compromising the normal functioning of the following enzymes or systems.

A.	P450 and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase

B.	RB protein and adrenodoxin

C.	p53 and telomerase

D.	Immune surveillance and the MDR2 protein

E.	Caspase 5 and cytochrome c

10.	Which of the following statements are true in mammals?

A.	All mutagens are carcinogens.

B.	All biologically active vitamin A derivatives are potential teratogens.

C.	All fetal losses above background levels are attributable to disease pathology or teratogen exposures.

D.	All carcinogens are aromatic compounds.

E.	All genotoxins are mutagens.