This is the first part of the Mammalian Toxicology, Biology 666, Final. The total exam is worth 250

points, 25% of the course grade. This portion is worth 150 points. There are 5 questions. Each is

worth 30 points. This portion is being made available on Thursday, May 9, 2002. It is due on

Wednesday, May 15, 2002. It is a "take home" segment, so you may use your notes, text, or other

resources in addressing the questions. Do not consult with one another during testing. Except as

noted, answers are not restricted to a specific length. They should not require more than a couple of

pages each. You do not need to include references. However, if you use a reference extensively,

please cite it in your response. Make a hard copy of your responses as well as posting them to this

portion of the Mammalian Toxicology Web Site. I have enjoyed working with all of you on this course.

Good luck with the exam. K.L. Campbell

Name: Kenneth Campbell Date: May-17-2002 Current Time: 7:31:56 PM

Take Home Questions

1. In reproductive toxicity testing, semen evaluation has been a favored biomarker. Using semen

analysis, spermatogenesis can be evaluated from two standpoints: the number of spermatozoa

produced per day and the quality of spermatozoa produced. What do each of these endpoints actually

reflect? Do they say anything about the type or timing of the toxicant insult? Do they say anything

about the mechanism of the process involved?

2. The projects assigned in this course were intended to focus on a small number of case studies and

to explore the use of toxicology and toxicological data in the arguments presented and the risk

evaluations conducted. The end result was to be presented in a Web compatible document that could

be accessed in its entirety from this site. Using no more than one single-spaced page for each of the

other students' projects, write a critique that evaluates those projects on the points the projects were to

cover.

3. What is the process of evaluation required by laws within the US for testing of new synthetic

chemicals to be added to baby food as preservatives? If there is more than one step, how are each of

these steps conducted and what do each of the steps do? How long does the overall process take?

4. A prize horse has managed to ingest a large volume of a concentrated, ionizable, alkaline

detergent that was spilled into his water bucket. You are the veterinarian called to a large,

well-equipped horse stable to attend. How do you proceed? What decisions do you make and what

information do you use to make them?

5. Using specific examples, compare and contrast threshold and nonthreshold models for toxicant

exposures. What physiological systems would demonstrate threshold model

responses? Nonthreshold responses?