Questions for the weekend following Session 4.

Questions arising from toxicological historical background.

1.	The idea of causality arose during the middle ages and Renaissance. This builds on careful observation and testing. How might this give rise to the notions of occupational hazards or the nonmystical explanation for oncogenesis?

2.	What information already discussed is subsummed in the notion of biochemical kinetics?

3.	Modern toxicology includes the concepts of causality, risk assessment, and site specificity of action. Why are all these concepts relevant to the following agencies: USPHS, NSC, EPA, FDA, OSHA, NRC? How many of these agencies derive directly from concerns about toxicant exposures?

4.	What is risk assessment with respect to humans, animals, ecology?

5.